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Design Press Fit for Installation

An interference press fit is the preferred method of installation for sleeve bearings due to its simplicity and effectiveness.  Below you can find a calculation method for the press fit force along with a method for estimating the bearing installed ID.

Press fit design considerations for sleeve bearings 
Tools required will include: 
  • Arbor press to apply the required force  

  • Installation mandrel to guide the sleeve bearing into its housing 

  • Fixture, when necessary, to support and align the housing bore with the sleeve bearing 

  • Controls to control the speed and direction of the installation mandrel

Design calculations to determine required installation force based on:
  • Bearing and housing dimensions 
    •  Bearing: Go / NoGo Ring diameters, nominal ID, width
    • Housing: Min / Max Bore ID, nominal OD, width

  • Bearing and housing material properties 

    • Modulii of elasticity, E, for sleeve bearing and housing materials 

    • Poisson’s ratio, U, for sleeve bearing and housing materials 

  • Assumed coefficient of friction at the bearing / housing bore interface. 

 

Determining force to press a sleeve bearing into its housing
  • First, determine the contact surface interference pressure, p 

  Pressure interference fit formula

Where: 

δ = diametral interference fit  

d = nominal contact surface diameter at bearing OD/housing bore interface 

do = housing OD  

di = bearing ID 

Eo and Ei = modulii of elasticity for housing and sleeve bearing respectively 

υo and υi = Poisson’s Ratios for housing and sleeve bearing respectively

  • Next, calculate frictional force, 

F = p × A × μ

Where

p = calculated contact surface interference pressure 

A = contact surface area of bearing / housing interface 

μ = coefficient of friction at bearing / housing interface. 

 

For GGB metal-polymer bearings, compensate for the bronze inner structure and polymer layers on the interference pressure calculation, adjustment to the ID should be made: 

  • For PTFE-based metal-polymer bearings, the ID of the bearing, di = dnom + 0.6 mm, where dnom = the nominal bearing ID  
  • For thermoplastic-based metal-polymer bearings, the ID of the bearing, di = dnom + 1.2 mm, where dnom = the nominal bearing ID 
  • For GGB metal-polymer bearings, the OD of the bearings can be defined by the specified GO/NOGO ring gages 

 

The calculated value of the maximum frictional force is used to determine the capacity of the installation arbor press required to install the sleeve bearing.  The maximum frictional force is based on the max interference fit, δmax = maximum bearing OD – minimum housing bore.

 

Estimating bearing installed ID  

Another reason for calculating the contact surface interference pressure, p, is to estimate the elastic expansion of the housing due to the interference fit with the sleeve bearing and consequently estimating the installed bearing ID.  This approach is especially helpful when the housing has a fairly thin cross section and/or has a low modulus of elasticity relative to the bearing material (for example, a metal sleeve bearing pressed into a plastic housing). 

estimate the elastic expansion of the housing due to the interference fit with the sleeve bearing and consequently estimating the installed bearing ID

Where: 

Δd = estimated elastic expansion of housing bore 

p = calculated contact surface pressure, calculate both pmax and pmin 

= nominal contact surface diameter at bearing OD/housing bore interface 

Eo = housing modulus of elasticity 

do = housing OD

 

The simplified approach found above will provide an estimate of the housing elastic expansion from which the min/max installed ID can be calculated.  However, this approach is not meant as a substitute for Finite Element Analysis or other advanced design programs. 

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